The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict in the Levant. Beginning in the mid-20th century, it is one of the world's longest continuing conflicts. Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, alongside other efforts to resolve the broader Arab–Israeli conflict.

以色列与巴勒斯坦位于黎凡特地区，两国间的冲突始于20世纪中叶，一致持续至今，是世界上持续时间最长的冲突之一。冲突解决是巴和平进程的一部分，人们曾多次试图解决以巴冲突，同时也为解决更广泛的阿拉伯与以色列冲突做出了其他努力。

Public declarations of claims to a Jewish homeland in Palestine, including the First Zionist Congress of 1897 and the Balfour Declaration of 1917, created early tensions in the region after waves of Jewish immigration. Following World War I, the Mandate for Palestine included a binding obligation for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people". Tensions grew into open sectarian conflict between Jews and Arabs.

1897年犹太复国主义大会首次召开， 1917年，英国颁布《贝尔福宣言》公开支持在巴勒斯坦建立犹太国家，随后，在经历了几波犹太移民浪潮，该地区的紧张局势开始出现。在第一次世界大战后，英国接管了这片土地，并承诺为犹太人建立一个“民族家园”，紧张局势逐渐演变为犹太人和阿拉伯人之间公开的宗派冲突。

The 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was never implemented and provoked the 1947–1949 Palestine War. The current Israeli-Palestinian status quo began following Israeli military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in the 1967 Six-Day War, known as the Palestinian territories.

1947年，联合国通过了一项决议，将巴勒斯坦分为两个独立的国家：一个是犹太国家，一个是阿拉伯国家，而耶路撒冷则作为一个国际城市。然而，分治计划一直未实施，由此引发了1947-1949年的巴勒斯坦战争。以色列在1967年“六日战争”中军事占领约旦河西岸和加沙（即巴勒斯坦领土）后，以巴现状逐渐形成。

In November 2022, with the election of the 37th government of Israel, a coalition government led by Benjamin Netanyahu and notable for its inclusion of far-right politicians, violence in the conflict increased, with a rise in military actions has produced a death toll in 2023 that is the highest in the conflict since 2005.

2022年 11 月，随着本雅明-内塔尼亚胡领导的联合政府——以色列第 37 届政府的当选，冲突中的暴力事件增加，军事行动增多，导致2023年的死亡人数达到自2005年以来的最高水平。

One of the primary obstacles to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is a deep-set and growing distrust between its participants. Unilateral strategies and the rhetoric of hardline political factions, coupled with violence and incitements by civilians against one another, have fostered mutual embitterment and hostility and a loss of faith in the peace process.

巴以之间更深蒂固且日益加深的不信任是双方冲突难以解决的症结点之一，单边战略和强硬政治派别的言论，再加上平民间的暴力与煽动，造成了双方的不满和敌意，人们对和平进程信心逐渐丧失。

Support among Palestinians for Hamas is considerable, and as its members consistently call for the destruction of Israel and violence remains a threat, security becomes a prime concern for many Israelis. The expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank has led the majority of Palestinians to believe that Israel is not committed to reaching an agreement, but rather to a pursuit of establishing permanent control over this territory in order to provide that security.

大多数巴勒斯坦人支持哈马斯，即伊斯兰抵抗运动，由于哈马斯成员不断呼吁摧毁以色列，暴力仍是一种威胁，安全成为许多以色列人的首要关切。以色列在西岸扩大定居点使大多数巴勒斯坦人认为，以色列是别有所图，对达成协议并不感兴趣，而是希望永远控制巴勒斯坦地区，以提供安全保障。

词汇小结：

• Israeli–Palestinian conflict：以巴冲突

• ongoing：持续存在的，仍在进行的，不断发展的

• resolve：解决（问题或困难）

• Zionist：犹太复国主义者的

• binding：必须遵守的；有法律约束力的

• sectarian：（宗教）教派的，派性的

• deep-set：深陷的；根深蒂固的

• embitterment：愤懑

编辑：ETTBL

译：Gleen

材料来源：网络