2023年或许会成为史上最热的一年？对于全球气候变暖，我们体会最深刻的是陆地气温的升高。其实海洋也承受着高温“袭击”，那具体情况是什么样的？背后的原因又是什么？可以采取什么行动呢？让我们一起来看看相关专家是怎么说！

The year of record heat, which saw deadly extreme weather events, including wildfires in Canada, Hawaii and southern Europe, “has given us a taste of the climate extremes that occur near the Paris targets,” said Brian Hoskins, chair of the Grantham Institute, Imperial College London.

今年的高温打破了世界纪录，加拿大、夏威夷和南欧都发生了致命的极端天气事件，伦敦帝国理工学院格兰瑟姆研究所所长布赖恩-霍斯金斯（Brian Hoskins）说：“这让我们感受到了接近巴黎协定中所设置的目标的气候极端化。”

“It should shake the complacency displayed in the actions by most governments around the world,” he said.

霍斯金斯补充说：“这应该会动摇世界上大多数国家政府在行动中表现出的自满情绪。”

The world’s oceans also experienced unprecedented heat and remained unusually warm in 2023. Sea surface temperatures were 0.44 degrees above the 1991–2020 average, the highest on record and a leap from the 0.26-degree rise seen in 2016, the second-warmest year.

世界海洋也经历了前所未有的高温，2023年依然异常温暖。海面温度创下历史纪录，比1991-2020年的平均值高出0.44度，较之2016年（历史上排名第二的高温年）也上升了0.26度。

The main long-term factor behind the oceans’ alarming heat is fossil fuel pollution, but El Niño — which began in July — also contributed. Higher sea surface temperatures can lead to more powerful hurricanes, typhoons and tropical cyclones.

海面高温令人震惊，这背后的主要长期因素是化石燃料污染，但7月份开始的厄尔尼诺现象也是原因之一。海面温度升高会加强飓风、台风和热带气旋。

At the tail end of the hottest year on record, nearly 200 countries represented at the COP28 climate talks in Dubai last month agreed for the first time to contribute to a global transition away from fossil fuels, the main cause of the climate crisis. The deal was widely welcomed, but critics say it included loopholes that would allow major fossil fuel producing nations to take little action.

在2023年（历史上最热的一年）的尾声，近200个国家的代表在上个月于迪拜举行的COP28气候谈判上首次达成一致，同意为全球过渡到不使用化石燃料（造成气候危机的主要原因）贡献力量。该协议受到广泛欢迎，但批评者认为其中存在漏洞，这些漏洞反而会使主要化石燃料生产国充耳不闻，不采取行动。

“The extremes we have observed over the last few months provide a dramatic testimony of how far we now are from the climate in which our civilization developed,” said Carlo Buontempo, director of Copernicus, Climate Change Service.“This has profound consequences for the Paris Agreement and all human endeavors. If we want to successfully manage our climate risk portfolio, we need to urgently decarbonize our economy whilst using climate data and knowledge to prepare for the future.”

“我们在过去几个月里观察到的极端天气，印证了我们现在离与所处文明发展阶段相符的气候环境有多远。”哥白尼气候变化服务部主任卡洛-布昂滕波（Carlo Buontempo）说，“这对《巴黎协定》和人类的所有努力都有着深远的影响。如果我们想成功应对气候风险，就需要紧急实现经济的去碳化，同时利用气候数据和知识为未来做好准备。”

编辑：ETTBL