近日，欧美多国相继出现“猴痘”病例引发世界关注，“猴痘”到底是什么病？今天ETTBL君来给大家科普一下猴痘的来历、感染症状与预防措施等，快来涨知识吧！

About Monkeypox 关于猴痘

Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus. Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus (which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus.

猴痘是由猴痘病毒感染所引起的一种罕见疾病。猴痘属于痘病毒科，是正痘病毒属的一种，正痘病毒属还包括天花病毒（引发天花）、痘苗病毒（用于天花疫苗）和牛痘病毒。

Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name ‘monkeypox.’ The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. Since then, monkeypox has been reported in people in several other central and western African countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. The majority of infections are in Democratic Republic of the Congo.

1958年，人们首次发现了猴痘，当时在为研究而饲养的猴群中爆发了两次痘类疾病，因此得名“猴痘”。1970年，在刚果民主共和国致力于消除天花期间，报道了首例人类感染猴痘。此后，喀麦隆、中非共和国、科特迪瓦、刚果民主共和国、加蓬、利比里亚、尼日利亚、刚果共和国和塞拉利昂等非洲中西部国家也相继出现猴痘病例，大多数的感染病例来自刚果民主共和国。

Monkeypox cases in people have occurred outside of Africa linked to international travel or imported animals, including cases in the United States, as well as Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, African rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) may harbor the virus and infect people.

在非洲以外的地区，猴痘感染病例往往与国际旅行或进口动物有关，这些病例出现在美国、以色列、新加坡和英国等国。猴痘的自然宿主仍然未知。然而，非洲啮齿动物和非人灵长类动物（如猴子）可能携带病毒并感染人。

Signs and Symptoms 感染症状与迹象

In humans, the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to but milder than the symptoms of smallpox. Monkeypox begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The main difference between symptoms of smallpox and monkeypox is that monkeypox causes lymph nodes to swell (lymphadenopathy) while smallpox does not. The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) for monkeypox is usually 7−14 days but can range from 5−21 days.

猴痘的感染症状与天花相似，但不如天花严重。猴痘感染初期，患者会出现发热、乏力、头痛和肌肉痛等症状。天花和猴痘感染症状的主要区别在于，猴痘会导致淋巴结肿大（淋巴结病），而天花不会。猴痘的潜伏期（从感染到症状出现）通常为7到14天，但也可能5到21天不等。