In recent years, we have managed to turn around most of the small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. As a result, many employees have been seen their salaries go up significantly. And thanks to the improvement of the social security system, the retirees are also getting more benefits. Teachers and medical workers have seen their salary rise by a rather big margin, and civil servants have nearly doubled their salary. But by comparison, China’s rural population is not seeing a rapid increase in their income, except the south areas. The main problem is the slow and backward development of agriculture; that has prevented a rapid increase of farmers income. So we should push rural reform. Over the past few years, the central government has been making tremendous efforts in this area. We believe in the near future, the life of the farmers will improve a lot. 

Notes:

(1)  state-owned a. 国有的

a. Non-state firms gradually elbow aside the inefficient state-owned ones. 
非国有企业逐渐挤掉了效率低下的国有企业。
b. More than 50 state-owned companies have been sold since the early 1980s. 
自20世纪80年代初以来，已有超过50家国有公司被出售。
c. A state - owned enterprise is big and well - off . 
国营 企业家 业大.  

(2) enterprise n.

  |ˈentəpraɪz; 美 -tərp-|

a. [可数名词] a company or business 公司；企业单位；事业单位

state-owned/public enterprises
国有企业；公共事业单位
b. [可数名词] a large project, especially one that is difficult （尤指艰巨而重大的）规划，事业

a joint enterprise
共同事业
c. [不可数名词] the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government 企业发展；企业经营；企业活动

an enterprise culture (= in which people are encouraged to develop small businesses)
经商文化（鼓励发展小型企业）
——see also free enterprise, private enterprise
d. [不可数名词](approving) the ability to think of new projects and make them successful 事业心；进取心；创业精神

a job in which enterprise is rewarded
事业进取精神有回报的工作

 (3) retiree n.

(North Amercian English) a person who has stopped working because of their age 退休人员；退休者

a. Ted, a recent retiree, is talking to his financial planner Sally. 
特德最近退休了, 正在和他的财务顾问萨利谈话.
b. Would I find life as a retiree boring? 
我会厌烦退休人员的生活 吗 ?
c. It faces heavy retiree - related costs that will cut into profits on every car and truck builds.
它面临繁重的退休金支付,而这将会减少每一辆生产的汽车所带来的利润. 

(4)  civil servant n.

 a person who works in the civil service （政府的）公务员，文职人员 

a. The minister warned that any civil servant not at his desk faced immediate suspension. 
部长警告说，任何擅离职守的公务员都会被立即停职。
b. The civil servant's expression, however, did not change, not so much as by a flicker. 
然而，那位公务员的表情还是那样，丝毫没变。
c. Last year, a civil servant was imprisoned for leaking a document to the press. 
去年，一名公务员因向报界泄露了一份文件而被判入狱。 

(5) tremendous a.

 |trəˈmendəs|

a. very great 巨大的；极大的

A tremendous amount of work has gone into the project.
大量的工作已投入到这项工程。

b. extremely good 极好的；精彩的；了不起的

It was a tremendous experience.

这是个了不起的经历。

 参考译文：

近几年来，大多数中小型国有亏损企业已经基本脱困。很多企业职工的工资也有很大的提高。退休职工由于社会保障体系的完善，也增加了收入。教师、医务人员的工资有了较大的涨幅，国家公务员差不多增加了一倍工资。但是相对而言，农民的收入增加得不快，除了南方的农村状况较好一些，大多数地区的农民生活还比较贫困，主要是因为目前农业发展滞后，农民的收入增长缓慢。所以我们要推进农村改革。目前我国政府在这方面做了很多工作，相信不久农民的生活就能得到较大的改善。