2018年5月全国商务英语翻译统一考试

高级笔译试题

注 意 事 项

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4. 答题时间为180分钟。

Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.

1. 中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。

2. 中国的软实力比西方的更具魅力，因为它代表着“开放包容、友爱无界”，本质是“和平与和谐”。

3. 中国的崛起离不开世界。中国必须坚持对外开放的政策，在平等互利的基础上，同世界一切友好国家发展经贸关系。

4. 中国政府将为外商来华投资创造稳定的政策环境、公平统一的市场环境以及完善的法律环境。

5. 这条线贯穿了皖西南的众多名胜，有美丽的万佛湖，有历史文化古城安庆，而天柱山则为这条旅游线路增添了更悦目的看点。

6. Even when the bubble can be identified, working out when it will pop is almost impossible.

7. The events in the Middle East are a useful reminder to consider steps that can help prepare a portfolio (投资组合) for unexpected events.

8. The problem is that regulators, and for that matter everyone else, can never get more than a glimpse at the internal workings of the simplest of modern financial systems.

9. For continued growth, China needs more well-developed capital markets to facilitate its transformation from an export-driven economy to a consumer-led one.

10. The world’s largest and most important banks should pay additional fees to address the risk that any liquidity shortfall in their institutions causes wider damage to the financial system, the International Monetary Fund said on Wednesday.

Part Ⅱ Translate the following passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

The pension gap has caused countries to cut social benefits promised to citizens, local governments to cut benefits promised to municipal workers and companies to cut pension promised to employees. For example, Greece required a European Union bailout and in order to secure funding, it had to agree to harsh austerity measures including reductions in social pension benefits that the government had already committed to pay to its citizens.

Detroit, a U.S. city in the state of Michigan, declared bankruptcy in 2013 mainly due to a pension funding gap that was estimated to be USD 18 billion. As part of the bankruptcy, Detroit was able to renegotiate pension payments due to its municipal workers. These lower pension payments increased the pension gap and put extreme pressure on families that were counting on full pension payments from the city.

Examples of companies that were forced to reduce promised pension payments to employees are Ford Motor Company and British Home Stores (BHS). Ford had accumulated a USD 15 billion pension funding gap by 2012. In order to remediate this shortfall, it offered over 90,000 employees a pension buyout. This lump sum offer reduced the huge pension liability on Ford’s books. It also allowed employees to spend money on current wants and needs versus saving for retirement, thus adding to the pension gap. BHS declared bankruptcy in 2015 and required a government takeover. Along with the takeover came an immediate 10% reduction in pension benefits and a removal of an inflation protection benefit.

Asia has no less of a pension gap issue than Europe and North America. In fact, some may argue that the situation is direr. According to a Geneva Association calculation, Japan has the highest current pension gap in the world. This is due to Japan having the second longest life expectancy in the world, coupled with one of the lowest fertility rates in the world.

The Japanese government saw this evolution in demographics coming and instituted cuts to retirement benefits and increases to normal retirement ages in the late 1990s. Then, in 2004, an automatic pension stabilizer was enacted that annually recalibrates benefits according to the number of workers in the workforce and life expectancy development. It is too early to tell if these measures will be socially sustainable, as benefits may need to be reduced during the next 20 years.

注释：BHS（British Home Stores）英国家庭商店

A pension buyout is a type of financial transfer whereby a pension fund sponsor pays a fixed amount in order to free itself of any liabilities relating to that fund.

Calibrate = If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately.

Passage 2

Microsoft said it would supply free towels in company showers, better food in staff canteens and on-site laundry service in an effort to boost employee morale as it battles for talent with Google and other recent start-ups.

The outbreak of the internet “perks war” is the latest sign of Microsoft’s attempt to keep some of the trappings of a fast-growing Silicon Valley start-up as it takes on more of the characteristics of other large, slower-growing blue chip companies.

Google has become the most visible exponent of Silicon Valley’s entitlement culture, using the free food in its highly rated cafeteria, along with the availability at its campus of services ranging from massages to automobile oil-changes, to help attract and retain workers. The tech companies defend the on-site perks as a way to reward employees who often work long hours and who would otherwise have to leave the premises, making them less efficient.

Microsoft’s decision to offer new employee perks, initially only at its headquarters campus near Seattle but eventually also in other sites around the world, marks a reversal of an earlier, unpopular cost-cutting policy.

A decision to scrap the free towel service two years ago became a lightning rod for employee dissatisfaction. Under Ken Dipietro, who was hired as head of human resources from Dell, a technology company renowned for its low-cost ways, Microsoft abandoned a number of perks, echoing a wider attempt at the time to bring a new and more stringent financial discipline to the software company.

Mr. Dipietro was replaced a year ago by Lisa Brummel, an internal appointment that signaled the company’s desire to repair some of the damage to morale. In an internal e-mail to staff earlier this week, Ms Brummel unveiled a number of changes to Microsoft’s compensation system and other management systems.

注释：Culture of entitlement

An entitlement is the right to a particular privilege or benefit, granted by law or custom. Your entitlement program at work might offer various benefits, or you might receive a medical entitlement once you reach a certain age. These are just basic things you get. More recently, entitlement has taken on a critical sense. If someone has a sense of entitlement, that means the person believes he deserves certain privileges — and he's arrogant about it. The term "culture of entitlement" suggests that many people now have highly unreasonable expectations about what they are entitled to.

Lightning rod = A real lightning rod attracts lightning to it. A person is said to be a lightning rod to suggest they attract something to them, most often criticism, controversy, or negative comments.

Part III Translate the following passages into English.

Passage 1

“只有正确认识历史，才能更好开创未来”。纵观世界历史，依靠武力侵略别国、扩张势力、称霸世界，最终都是要失败的，这是历史规律。中华民族的血液中没有穷兵黩武、侵略扩张的基因，中国人民不认同“国强必霸”的陈旧逻辑。近代史上，中华民族长期遭受列强侵略和欺凌，但中国人民从中学到的不是弱肉强食的“丛林法则”而是更加坚定了维护和平的决心。

拿破仑曾预言：中国是一头沉睡的狮子，当这头睡狮醒来时，世界都会为之发抖。如今，睡狮已醒，但这是一只和平的、可亲的、文明的狮子。我们纪念中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，不仅为了铭记历史、缅怀先烈，更是为了珍爱和平、开创未来。历史已经证明，中国的和平发展为维护世界和平注入了新的动力；历史还将继续证明，中国的发展壮大，必将是世界和平力量的发展壮大。

Passage 2

中国人民银行行长易纲在2018年博鳌亚洲论坛上表示，根据国家主席习近平提出的落实开放措施的精神，以下六点金融领域开放措施要在未来几个月落实：

一是取消银行和金融资产管理公司的外资持股比例限制，内外资一视同仁，允许外资银行在境内同时设立分行和子行。

二是将证券公司、基金公司、期货公司、人身险公司的外资持股比例上限放宽至51%，三年后不再设限。

三是不再要求合资券商的境内股东中至少有一家证券公司。

四是为进一步完善互联互通机制，5月1日开始，将互联互通每日额度扩大4倍。

五是允许符合条件的外国机构投资者来华经营保险代理业务和保险公估业务。

六是放开外资保险经纪公司的经营范围，与中资机构一致。

易纲表示，以上六项内容，未来几个月将逐步落地，到今年6月30号，这些措施将大部分开始落实。

注释：沪港通（Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program）是指上海证券交易所和香港联合交易所允许两地投资者（investors of the two sides）通过当地证券公司（或经纪商）（local securities firms or brokers）买卖规定范围内的对方交易所上市的股票(trade eligible shares listed on the other's market)，是沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制，包括沪股通以及港股通两部分。

证券公司、基金公司、期货公司、人身险公司= securities, fund management, futures and personal insurance companies

高级笔译参考答案

Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.

1. For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute. This hampered the development of productivity.

2. China’s soft power is more appealing than the west's because it represents “openness and tolerance, friendliness and inclusiveness” and a general feeling of “peace and harmony”.

3. China's rise could not be achieved without the rest of the world. We must always adhere to the opening up policy and develop economic and trade exchanges with all friendly countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

4. The Chinese government will build a stable policy climate, a fair and uniform market and a perfect legal regime for all foreign business people.

5. The itinerary runs through many scenic spots in west Anhui Province, including the spectacular Wanfo Lake, the historical and cultural ancient city Anqing, and the Tianzhu Mountain, which adds to the beauty of the route.

6. 即使能够发现泡沫，算出它何时破裂也几乎是不可能的。

7. 中东发生的事件是一次有益的提醒，它告诉人们应该考虑采取措施防止投资组合受到意外事件的冲击。

8. 问题在于，即便是对于最简单的现代金融体系的内部运作方式，监管者，甚至是其他任何人，都只能是管中窥豹。

9. 为了使经济继续增长，中国需要更为完善的资本市场，促进从出口型经济向消费型经济的转型。

10. 国际货币基金组织周三表示，全球最大及最重要的银行应缴付额外费用以应对这样一种风险：它们机构的流动性短缺对金融体系造成更广泛的危害。

Part Ⅱ Translate the following passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

养老金缺口已使各国削减向其公民承诺的社会福利，地方政府削减承诺给市政工人的福利，公司削减向其雇员承诺的养老金。例如，希腊要求欧盟给予救助，为了获得资金，希腊必须同意采取严厉的紧缩措施，包括政府已承诺给公民的社会养老金。

美国密歇根州的底特律市于2013年宣布破产，主要原因就是养老金的资金缺口，这笔缺口估值为180亿美元。破产内容还包括，底特律可以重新商讨亏欠其市政工人的养老金支出。这样更低的养老金支出进一步增加了缺口，对于那些依靠全额养老金的底特律家庭产生极大压力。

福特汽车公司和英国家庭商店就是两个例子，他们被迫减少向其雇员承诺支付的养老金。至2012年，福特已累积150亿美元的养老金缺口，为了弥补这一亏空，福特为其超过90,000名员工提供了养老金买断。这种一次性发放的措施，减少了公司账面巨额养老金负债。福特还允许员工把储蓄退休的钱用在当前的需求上，从而又增加了养老金缺口。英国家庭商店于2015年宣布破产并要求政府收购。政府收购带来的是养老金收益立即减少了10％，而且用以抵消通胀的福利也予以取消。

亚洲的养老金缺口也不亚于欧洲和北美，事实上，有些人认为情况更加糟糕。根据日内瓦协会的计算，日本是目前世界上养老金缺口最大的国家。这是因为日本是世界上寿命第二长的国家，而且也是世界上生育率最低的国家之一。

日本政府根据人口统计看到了这种变化趋势，并在20世纪90年代后期实施了退休收益的削减，并且延长了正常退休的年龄。然后于2004年，又制定了自动养老金稳定机制，即每年根据劳动力人口数量，以及预期寿命的最新情况重新调整养老收益。现在判断这些措施是否具有社会可持续性还为时尚早，因为在未来20年内养老收益可能还需减少。

Passage 2

为同谷歌和一些新的初创公司争夺人才，微软公司表示，将为其员工洗澡提供免费毛巾，职工食堂提供更好的食物，工作现场添加洗衣服务，用这些方法提高员工们的工作热情。

互联网领域的“福利之战”是一种新迹象，表明微软仍试图保持硅谷快速增长初创公司的形象，而实际上它已呈现出越来越多的大型慢速增长蓝筹公司的特征。

谷歌已经成为硅谷特权文化中最明显的倡导者，在其高级餐厅可享用免费美食，在其工作区域可享受各类服务，从按摩（服务）到汽车换油一应俱全，所有这些都是为了吸引并留住员工。这类科技公司提供工作现场福利，是为了奖励那些工作时间长的员工，没有了这些福利他们就会离职，使公司的效率降低。

微软公司决定向新员工提供福利，起初仅限于临近西雅图总部的员工，后来扩展到全球的所有员工，这标志着微软对此前不受欢迎的节约成本政策的彻底否定。

两年前微软曾取消向员工免费提供毛巾，此举成为了员工不满的导火索。当时在人力资源主管 Ken Dipietro的主持下，微软取消了员工的若干福利，取消福利只是微软新的更严格的财务纪律的一部分。（人力资源主管）Ken Dipietro 来微软之前就职于戴尔公司，那是一家以低成本而闻名的科技公司。

Dipietro先生一年前被Lisa Brummel女士取代，这是一项内部任命，标志着该公司希望修复对先前士气的损害。本周早些时候，Brummel女士在发送给员工的内部电子邮件中，披露了微软薪酬体系和其他管理体系的一些变化。

Part III Translate the following passages into English.

Passage 1

“Only by looking at history in the right way can we create a better future.” As witnessed throughout human history, those who launched external aggression and expansion in an attempt to dominate the world are doomed to failure. That is the law of history. We Chinese people have no blood of aggression and expansion flowing in our veins, and we reject the fallacious logic that a powerful nation is bound to exercise hegemony. In modern history, the Chinese nation had long been invaded and bullied by foreign power–a fact that has further strengthened our determination to safeguard world peace rather than compelling us to accept the rule of “kill or be killed” or “the law of the jungle.”

Napoleon Bonaparte once said that China “is a sleeping lion,” and “when China wakes, it will shake the world.”Awaken as it is now, China turns out to be a peaceful, amiable, and civilized lion. We are celebrating this 70th anniversary today for the purpose of remembering history and revolutionary martyrs, but more significantly, for the preservation of peace and for the shaping of the future. History has proved that China’s peaceful development has contributed anew to the maintenance of world peace, and history will continue to prove that China’s future development will further strengthen the peace-loving forces of the world.

Passage 2

Yi Gang, Governor of the People's Bank of China, stated at the Boao Forum for Asia 2018 that the following six measures of financial openness will be implemented during the next few months under the guidance of the spirit of implementing opening-up measures proposed by President Xi Jinping.

The first is to remove foreign ownership limits on banks and asset management companies, and investors, both foreign and domestic, will be treated equally. Foreign banks will be allowed to set up branches and subsidiaries in China at the same time.

The second is to lift foreign investment limits to 51% for securities, fund management, futures and personal insurance companies, and all limits will be removed beyond three years.

The third is to eliminate the requirement that at least one of the domestic shareholders of joint venture securities companies be a securities company.

The fourth is to further improve the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect mechanism（initiative）and expand the current daily quota for Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect flows by four times starting from May 1st.

The fifth is to open the insurance agency and other insurance businesses to qualified foreign investors.

The sixth is to allow foreign insurance brokerage companies the same scope of business as Chinese companies.

Yi Gang said that the above six measures will be progressively implemented in the coming months. By June 30 this year, most of these measures will be implemented.

说明：“一是取消银行和金融资产管理公司的外资持股比例限制”这句话也可翻译为：The first is to remove limits on the shareholding ownership ratio of foreign banks and asset management companies. 不过，翻译为The first is to remove foreign ownership limits on banks and asset management companies是英语中更加常用的表述，意思也是清楚的。

“人身险公司”要翻译为personal insurance companies，life insurance（人寿险）是“人身险”的一部分。