2018年5月全国商务英语翻译统一考试

中级笔译试题

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Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.

1. 加入世贸组织后，中国将与世贸组织各成员密切合作，发挥积极和建设性的作用。

2. 整个东亚地区的工资水平都在上涨，中国处于风口浪尖。

3. 从2008年6月1日推行以来，全国超市塑料袋使用量减少了2/3左右，每年可节约原油240-300万吨。

4. 有了更加稳定的收入来源，地方政府就不必积极地向开发商出售土地。

5. 福利制度或失业保障，是要帮助那些最需要帮助的社会成员。

6. Some then have an excuse to do nothing—if a problem won’t go away, why should we waste time and resources trying to solve it?

7. The bad news is that the various resolutions made this week by European Council (欧洲理事会) will not be enough to carry us through the current crisis.

8. At the same time, revenue has taken a hit since the financial crisis, with investors trading less frequently and opting for simpler products with lower margins.

9. In other words, efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie, and equity refers to how the pie is divided.

10. Europe faces either disintegration and collapse or a chance to achieve deeper integration and emerge much stronger from the current crisis.

Part Ⅱ Translate the following passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

Growth in the least developed countries (LDCs) is expected to rise modestly from an estimated 4.8 percent in 2017 to 5.4 per cent and 5.5 per cent in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The acceleration is due mostly to more favorable external economic conditions and, in particular, firming commodity prices, which support trade, financial flows and investment in natural resource projects and infrastructure. GDP per capita grew by an estimated 2.5 per cent in 2017, which solidifies the recovery from the lows of 2015–2016, but remains subdued compared to the momentum reached before 2007. Prospects for the group are positive with per capita growth expected to accelerate to 3.0 per cent in 2018 and 3.2 per cent in 2019.

However, given the depth and extent of poverty and inequality among LDCs, tangible improvements in quality of life will remain limited. Structural challenges continue to hamper significant progress in economic and social development. This includes a lack of infrastructure and public services, political instability and institutional deficiencies and vulnerability to shocks from commodity revenue and extreme weather events.

Moreover, despite facing better prospects, the LDCs as a group will not accomplish SDG target8.1 this year, which calls for “at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum” in the LDCs. Nonetheless, some countries in the group will achieve average growth above or close to 7 per cent in 2018–2019, and the majority will grow at a 5 per cent or higher rate by the end of 2019. Bangladesh is projected to be among the fastest growing LDCs in 2018 with expected real GDP growth of 7.1 per cent, supported by vigorous domestic demand, especially private investments.

Bhutan is also expected to grow by 7.1 per cent in 2018, benefitting from infrastructure investments. The fastest growing East Asian LDCs include Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Myanmar with growth rates forecast to be slightly above 7 per cent in 2018–2019, mainly as a result of export growth and infrastructure projects.

注释：Financial Flows- It is also can be known as a cash flow. But it is primarily used to measure a financial company's health and status.

Bangladesh孟加拉   Bhutan 不丹    Myanmar缅甸

Passage 2

In terms of managing demand, however, policies are likely to diverge. The first- and second-tier cities will probably maintain restrictive household registration (hukou) policies, alongside retaining higher down-payments for a second house and the restrictive rules on the minimum number of years of paying personal income taxes and social security that are required before buying a home. A long discussed property tax to curb speculative purchasing also appears to have more momentum, but will probably not be implemented until 2020 at the earliest.

Yet for third- and fourth-tier cities, house purchasing policies are likely to remain loose. Local authorities in such regions have already relaxed registered residence rules, lowered down-payment requirements and cut property transaction taxes. Cities in provinces such as Anhui, Henan and Liaoning also provide discounted mortgage loans for migrant workers, university graduates and low-income buyers.

Encouraging migrant workers to purchase homes in third- and fourth-tier cities close to their rural abodes is a particular focus of government policy. Our estimates suggest that in 2016 there were about 16m migrants living in such cities, representing a potentially sizeable source of demand. The central authorities have rolled out a three-year plan (covering 2015-17) to transform “urban villages” in the city into low-cost housing for migrant workers.

注释：Down-payment（首字母大写） = An amount of money that you pay at the time that you buy something but is only a part of the total cost of that thing. You usually pay the rest of the cost over a period of time.   

Low-cost housing = 廉租房

Part III Translate the following passages into English.

Passage 1

在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，是中国共产党的伟大创造。社会主义市场经济体制既有利于实现资源高效配置，又能发挥我国社会主义制度优越性、发挥党和政府的积极作用，是符合我国社会生产力发展要求、体现社会主义国家性质的经济体制。

但要看到，市场经济以等价交换为基本原则，利润是市场主体追求的核心目标。市场经济的这些固有特点，给金钱至上等错误价值观提供了生长土壤。错误价值观反过来又影响人们的行为，使部分社会成员出现信仰缺失、道德滑坡以及腐败等问题。应当看到，我国社会主流价值观是社会主义核心价值观，金钱至上等观念只影响了一小部分人，产生的是局部问题，但我们在整个社会主义市场经济发展过程中都会面临价值观的考验，必须防微杜渐，采取有效措施抵御错误价值观对个人、组织、社会的侵蚀。

Passage 2

经济全球化的发展，为世界经济增长提供了强劲动力，同时也面临一些新的问题和挑战。尤其是国际金融危机以来，世界经济复苏曲折艰难，很多国家都感受到了经济下行的压力，一些矛盾也显得尖锐起来。但需要注意的是，困扰世界的很多问题，并非由经济全球化造成，将罪魁祸首的“帽子”简单扣在经济全球化的头上，无异于缘木求鱼，结果必然损人害己。

美国这一举动不得人心。几十位世界顶尖经济学家对此发出警告：征税无助于改善美国人生计，反而可能损害大部分美国人的利益。美国国内一份民调显示，半数美国人反对提高钢铝产品关税。还有观点认为，征税行为将对美制造业等下游产业造成严重冲击，导致其他经济部门减少18万个就业机会。其他国家也在担心，世界最大的两个经济体之间发生贸易争端，将对本国经济产生不可忽视的负面影响。

初级笔译参考答案

Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.

1. After entering the WTO, China will closely cooperate with all WTO members and play a positive and constructive role.

2. With China at the forefront, wages are on the rise throughout the East Asian region.

3. Since June 1, 2008, consumption of plastic bags in supermarkets has been cut by about 2/3. This has saved about 2.4-3m tons of crude oil.

4. With more stable income sources, local governments would not need to aggressively sell land to developers.

5. The welfare system or unemployment insurance tries to help those members of society who are most in need.

6. 一些人以此为借口不采取任何行动，理由是如果问题不可能消失，为什么要浪费时间和资源加以解决？

7.  坏消息是，欧洲理事会(European Council)本周达成的各项决议不足以让我们度过当前的危机。

8. 与此同时，金融危机以来收入也受到了影响——投资者的交易频率有所下降，并开始选择一些利润率较低、更为简单的产品。

9. 换句话说，效率是指经济蛋糕的大小，而平等是指如何分割这块蛋糕。

10. 欧洲面临的是两条道路：要么崩溃解体；要么继续推进一体化，从当前的危机中强势复兴。

Part Ⅱ Translate the following passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

预计最不发达国家的增长略有回升，将分别从2017年的4.8％上升至2018年的5.4％和2019年的5.5％。此增速主要得益于有利的外部经济条件，特别是稳定的商品价格。商品价格的稳定支持贸易、资金流动和对自然资源项目和基础设施的投资。2017年人均国内生产总值预计增长2.5％，助力自2015-2016年的低点回升，但与2007年之前的增长势头相比仍保持低迷。最不发达国家群体的前景看好，人均增长预计2018增速3.0％，2019年增速3.2％。

然而，鉴于最不发达国家的贫困和不平等的深度和广度，生活质量的切实改善仍然有限。结构性挑战继续阻碍经济和社会发展取得重大进展。其中包括基础设施和公共服务的缺乏、政治不稳定、体制上的缺陷以及易受商品收入和极端天气的冲击。

而且，尽管面临较好前景，最不发达国家作为一个群体将不会实现今年8.1的目标，该目标要求最不发达国家“每年国内生产总值至少增长7％”。尽管如此，最不发达国家中的一些国家2018-2019年间平均增长率将高于或接近7％，而大多数国家的增长率到2019年年底才能达到5％或更高。由于旺盛的国内需求，尤其是私人投资的支撑，预计孟加拉2018年将成为增长最快的国家之一，其实际国内生产总值增长率为7.1％。

2018年不丹预计增长7.1％，这得益于基础设施的投资。增长最快的东亚最不发达国家包括柬埔寨，老挝人民民主共和国和缅甸，预计2018-2019年增长率略高于7％，主要原因是出口的增长和基础设施项目的建设。

Passage 2

但在管理需求方面，政策可能会出现分歧。一线和二线城市可能会保留限制户口政策，同时保留购买第二套住房较高的首付。同时，作为买房的条件，对于个人所得税和社会保险费缴纳的年限也有严格规定。酝酿已久的抑制投机性购房的房产税也加快了步伐，但最早到2020年才有可能实施。

但对于三、四线城市而言，购房政策可能会保持宽松。这些城市的地方政府已经放宽了户口规定，降低了首付要求，同时削减了房产交易税。安徽、河南和辽宁等省份的城市还为农民工、大学毕业生和低收入购房者提供了贴现抵押贷款。

鼓励农民工在靠近农村住地的三、四线城市购买房屋是政府的特殊政策。我们预计2016年，这些城市中约有1600万农民工居住，这即是潜在的，可观的房屋需求来源。中央推出了三年计划（覆盖2015-17年），将城市“城中村”改造为农民工廉租房。

Part III Translate the following passages into English.

Passage 1

The development of a market economy under socialist conditions is a great creation of the Communist Party of China. The system of socialist market economy is not only conducive to the (most) efficient allocation of resources, but also demonstrates the superiority of China’s socialist system and the positive roles played by the Party and the government. It is an economic system that meets the requirements for the development of China’s social productive forces, and reflects the nature of our socialist country.

However, we must realize that the market economy is based on the exchange of equivalent values, and market players are largely motivated by maximizing profit. These inherent features of the market economy are a breeding ground for the shaping of wrong money-oriented values. The wrong values in turn affect people's behaviors, leading some members of society fall into the trap of losing faith, declining in moral values and engaging in corruption. We need to be aware that the mainstream social values of our country are the core values of socialism, and the money-oriented mentality only affects a small number of people, causing only some social problems. However, we must be committed to our socialist values throughout the development of the socialist market economy. We must also take effective measures to resist the erosion of wrong values imposed on individuals, organizations, and the whole society.

Passage 2

    The development of economic globalization has provided a strong impetus to the world economic growth, and it faces new problems and challenges as well. Particularly since the international financial crisis, the recovery of the world economy has been arduous and difficult. Many countries are now under the pressure of economic downturn and some contradictions have become extremely apparent. However, it should be noted that economic globalization is not to blame for many of the problems affecting the world today. To identify economic globalization as the chief culprit is no more than trying to catch fish in the air, and its consequences would be harmful to all sides.

What the United States has done arouses resistance（are quite unpopular）. Dozens of world's top economists have warned that tariffs will not help Americans improve their livelihoods, but will damage the interests of most Americans. According to a national poll conducted in the United States, half of Americans oppose imposing tariffs on imports of steel and aluminum. Another view is that tariffs will cause seriously negative impacts on US downstream industries such as its manufacturing industry, leading to the reduction of 180,000 jobs in other economic sectors. The rest of the countries are also worried that trade disputes between the world’s two largest economies will have a negative impact on their own economies.