高级笔译试题及参考答案

注 意 事 项

1. 请按要求在试题卷和答题卷的标封处填写姓名、准考证号等；

2. 请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上；

3. 请保持卷面整洁，不要在标封区填写无关内容；

4. 答题时间为180分钟。

Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese.

1.宪法是国家的根本大法，是治国安邦的总章程，是党和人民意志的集中体现。

2.今年以来，中国稳增长、调结构、促改革协调推进，主要得益于宏观管理方式的创新。

3.我们还通过加强监管和规范发展，积极防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险。

4.促进区域发展平衡、扩大社会保障网络、提高生产率和维持高速经济增长仍然需要建设大量基础设施，这要求高效地调动私人和公共资本。

5.马云曾在公开场合表态，中国经济放缓为“真正的市场经济”蓬勃发展提供了契机，而且刺激消费以推动经济成长，将由企业而非政府主导。

6.The current financial crisis in the US is likely to be judged in retrospect as the most wrenching since the end of World War II.

7.Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble in 2001, Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal Reserve at the time, dropped interest rates substantially to cushion the impact rather than let the market imbalances correct themselves.

8.The project has been running since April 2008 and so far partners have worked together to explore the meaning of the terms “employability” an “entrepreneurship” and how the terms may differ in the UK and China.

9.Across the country, from the big cities of Beijing and Shanghai to the smallest regional towns, countless such complexes have sprung up in recent years as developers and local governments have rushed to capitalise on the frenzy for property.

10.US and European banks are offering huge pay packages to hire top bankers in Asia-Pacific, in a sign that the compensation curbs pledged by financial groups after the crisis are already being eroded.

Part Ⅱ Translate the following passages into Chinese.

Passage 1

US Senate Overwhelmingly Approves Smbolic Motion Challenging Trump’s Tariffs

The US Senate on Wednesday approved a motion to restore congressional authority over tariffs imposed on the basis of national security, underscoring bipartisan opposition to the Trump administration’s trade policy.

The non-binding motion, which passed 88-11, comes after lawmakers in both the House and the Senate introduced binding legislation that would crimp the president’s authority on issues related to trade. The bills have yet to be scheduled for a vote.

The proposed legislation, as well as the motion passed on Wednesday, focus on duties imposed under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The statute uses national security as a basis for raising barriers to trade and has been used by the Trump administration to slap tariffs on metals imports from important US allies. The White House has launched an investigation into whether tariffs on auto imports should be imposed under the same law.

Lawmakers in both the Republican and Democratic parties have been vocal in their opposition to the use of Section 232.

Senate Finance Committee Chairman Orrin Hatch said in a tweet that the vote on Wednesday “underscores the consensus of the Senate–the admin. should rethink its approach on Section 232 tariffs.”

注释：

Trade Expansion Act of 1962：1962年《贸易扩展法》

Senate Finance Committee Chairman Orrin Hatch：美国参议院财政委员会主席奥林•哈奇

Passage 2

OFFER

An offer is an expression of willingness to contract on specified terms, made with the intention that it is to be binding once accepted by the person to whom it is addressed. There must be an objective manifestation of intent by the offeror to be bound by the offer if accepted by the other party. Therefore, the offeror will be bound if his words or conduct are such as to induce a reasonable third party observer to believe that he intends to be bound, even if in fact he has no such intention.

An offer can be addressed to a single person, to a specified group of persons, or to the world at large. An example of the latter would be a reward poster for the return of a lost pet.

An offer may be made expressly (by words) or by conduct.

An offer must be distinguished from an invitation to treat, by which a person does not make an offer but invites another party to do so. Whether a statement is an offer or an invitation to treat depends primarily on the intention with which it is made. An invitation to treat is not made with the intention that it is to be binding as soon as the person to whom it is addressed communicates his assent to its terms.

Part III Translate the following passages into English.

Passage 1

2018年上半年，我国进出口规模再创历史新高。上半年我国货物贸易进出口总值14.12万亿元人民币，比去年同期增长7.9%，保持较快增长。其主要因素有：全球经济持续复苏为外贸发展创造良好外部环境；中国经济保持平稳增长，带动大宗商品和消费品进口需求增长；上半年国家出台的一系列政策进一步落实到位，释放外贸增长潜力；进出口企业自身转动力、调结构步伐加快，创新能力提升，产品附加价值不断提高，国际竞争力逐渐增强。

外贸发展质和量继续提升。一是贸易结构更趋优化。上半年，我国一般贸易进出口保持快速增长，占我国进出口总值的59%。二是民营企业进出口比重继续提升，内生动力逐步增强。三是机电产品出口保持增长，占比接近60%，竞争优势不断强化。传统劳动密集型产品出口下降，占比降低。

Passage 2

美国是世界首要的货币操纵国

2001年布什政府上台后，美国经济长达10年的增长期开始结束，经常项目逆差和贸易逆差大幅增加，外债迅速增多。为解决这些问题，美国政府开始推行弱势美元政策。

2007年底次贷危机爆发后，美元贬值速度更是不断加快，美联储降息的幅度也不断加大，最终导致国际市场上资源性产品价格不断上涨，国际油价不断创造最高纪录，曾突破150美元/桶的高位纪录；国际金价不断高涨，超过1000美元/盎司的最高价。

为缩小贸易逆差、刺激经济复苏，美国放任和推动美元贬值，自2001年以来，美元对欧元等国际主要货币累计贬值幅度达40.58%。此外，美国经济的不景气导致全球经济增速放缓，主要国际组织不断调低经济增长预期，全球都在为美国的金融错误埋单。

一国采取何种外汇政策属于其主权范畴。美国在不断要求他国货币升值，而自身采取美元贬值的政策，既是干涉他国内政，也是经济霸权主义的体现。

注释：

货币操纵国：currency manipulator

次贷危机：the subprime mortgage crisis

高级笔译参考答案

一、句子

汉译英

1. The constitution is the fundamental law of the country, the general charter of governing the country and the epitome of the will of the party and the people.

2. Since the start of this year, China has been rather successful in coordinating efforts to seek steady growth, conduct structural readjustment and deepen reform, and this is mainly attributable to innovation in macro management.

3. At the same time, we strengthened supervision and improved regulations to prevent and defuse potential risks in the fiscal and financial sectors.

4. The substantial infrastructure still needed to spread development geographically, extend social safety nets, improve productivity and sustain high economic growth requires the efficient mobilization of private and public capital.

5. Jack Ma once stated in public that China's economic slowdown would provide an opportunity for the full development of China’s "real market economy". Instead of the government, the enterprises would in future take the lead in stimulating consumption and promoting economic growth.

英译汉

1.有一天，人们回首今日，可能会把美国当前的金融危机评为二战结束以来最严重的危机。

2.在2001年的互联网泡沫破灭之后，当时的美联储主席艾伦•格林斯潘大幅降息以缓解影响，而不是让失衡的市场得以自我纠正。

3.此项目开始于2008年4月。一年来，项目的合作伙伴共同探求“就业能力”与“创业能力”的真正意义，以及其在中国与英国的不同含义。

4.近年来，随着开发商和地方政府争相利用房地产热牟利，在全国范围内，从北京、上海等大都市到地方小城镇，冒出了数不清的这样的楼盘。

5. 美国和欧洲的银行正在高薪招聘亚太地区的顶级银行家，显示出金融集团已经不再遵守它们在金融危机后做出的限制薪酬的承诺。

二．文章 

英译汉

1.

美国参议院以压倒性多数通过一项象征性动议，对特朗普关税政策提出挑战

美国参议院周三通过了旨在恢复国会对基于国家安全征收关税权力的动议，强调两党反对特朗普政府的贸易政策。

这一无约束力动议以88比11的票数获得通过。在此之前，美国参众两院立法者提出了具有约束力立法，用以限制总统在贸易相关问题上的权力。这些议案尚未安排投票。

拟议的立法以及周三通过的动议，都侧重于1962年《贸易扩展法》第232条规定的义务。该立法以国家安全为基础提高贸易壁垒，已被特朗普政府用于对来自美国重要盟友的金属进口征收关税。白宫已开始调查是否应根据同一法律对汽车进口征收关税。

共和党和民主党的立法者众口一词，都反对使用第232条款。

美国参议院财政委员会主席奥林•哈奇发布推文称，周三的投票“强调了参议院的共识：政府应重新考虑基于第232条款征收关税的举措。”

2．

要约

要约是一方当事人就特定条款缔结合同的意思表示，要约一经被受要约人承诺即受到约束。要约人意图必须采用客观的方式加以表明，如要约人的言行致使一个有理性的第三方人士相信，要约人具有缔约意图，那么即使要约人没有这样的意图，也要受到约束。

要约可发给一个人，也可发给特定的团体或发给整个社会。例如，寻找丢失宠物的悬赏广告就是向整个社会发出的。 

要约可以明确表示（口头或文字）也可以通过行为表示。

要约必须与要约邀请区分开来。要约邀请并不意味着当事人发出要约，而是请求他人向自己发出要约。判断某一陈述是要约还是要约邀请，主要取决于该陈述的意图。要约邀请并不含有当事人在另一方当事人表示同意条款后，即受到约束的意图。 

汉译英

1.

China’s imports and exports rose to record highs in the first half of 2018. During this period, the total value of China's imports and exports of goods was 14.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.9% compared with the same period last year, maintaining relatively rapid growth. The main drivers for the growth are: Sustained recovery of the global economy that has created a favorable external environment for China's foreign trade development; steady growth of China's economy boosting demand for imports of bulk commodities and consumer goods; a series of policies adopted by the government in the first half of the year that have been put in place to release the growth potential of foreign trade; and the fact that China’s import and export enterprises accelerated their paces of transformation of growth drivers and structural adjustment, thus promoting their innovative capabilities, increasing added value of their products and enhancing continually their international competitiveness.

The quality and quantity of foreign trade development continued to improve. First, the trade structure is more optimized. In the first half of the year, China's general trade imports and exports maintained rapid growth, accounting for 59% of China's total import and export value. Second, the proportion of imports and exports of private enterprises continued to rise, and their self generating power was gradually strengthened. Third, the exports of mechanical and electrical products sustained growth, accounting for nearly 60% of the total, and their competitive advantage sustained superior performance. The exports of traditional labor-intensive products declined, and their proportion decreased. 

2.

The United States is the biggest currency manipulator in the world

After the Bush administration took office in 2001, the 10-year period of boom in the US came to an end. The current account deficit and trade deficit increased substantially and external debt increased rapidly. To solve these problems, the US government began to implement the weak dollar policy.

Following the outbreak of the subprime mortgage crisis that occurred at the end of 2007, the depreciation of the U.S. dollar accelerated. The Federal Reserve cut interest rates dramatically, eventually leading to rising prices of resource products in the international market. Crude oil regularly reached record high prices and recently hit a record high of $150 a barrel. In addition, gold moved steadily upward until it peaked at more than $1,000 an ounce.

To narrow the trade deficit and stimulate economic recovery, the United States explicitly advocated the depreciation of the US dollar. Since 2001, the US dollar recorded a cumulative depreciation of 40.58% against the major international currencies such as the Euro. In addition, the sluggish US economy led to a slowdown in global economic growth. Major international organizations downgraded growth forecast from time to time for the world economy. As a result, the rest of the world had to pay for the financial errors committed by the United States.

A country derives from its sovereignty the right to implement its foreign exchange policy. While repeatedly asking for the appreciation of other countries’ currencies, the United States has adopted the policy of depreciating the US dollar, which is not only an interference in the internal affairs of others, but also an expression of economic hegemonism.